DirectoryIterator
在线手册：中文 英文
PHP手册

DirectoryIterator::__construct

(PHP 5)

DirectoryIterator::__construct — Constructs a new directory iterator from a path

说明

public DirectoryIterator::__construct() ( string $path )

Constructs a new directory iterator from a path.

参数

path

The path of the directory to traverse.

错误/异常

Throws an UnexpectedValueException if the path cannot be opened.

范例

Example #1 A DirectoryIterator::__construct() example

This example will list the contents of the directory containing the script.

<?php
$dir = new DirectoryIterator(dirname(__FILE__));
foreach ($dir as $fileinfo) {
    if (!$fileinfo->isDot()) {
        var_dump($fileinfo->getFilename());
    }
}
?>

参见

DirectoryIterator
在线手册：中文 英文
PHP手册
PHP手册 - N: Constructs a new directory iterator from a path

用户评论:

a dot lyskawa at nisza dot org (18-Dec-2009 08:55)

Here's all-in-one DirectoryIterator:

<?php

/**
 * Real Recursive Directory Iterator
 */
class RRDI extends RecursiveIteratorIterator {
  /**
   * Creates Real Recursive Directory Iterator
   * @param string $path
   * @param int $flags
   * @return DirectoryIterator
   */
  public function __construct($path, $flags = 0) {
    parent::__construct(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path, $flags));
  }
}

/**
 * Real RecursiveDirectoryIterator Filtered Class
 * Returns only those items which filenames match given regex
 */
class AdvancedDirectoryIterator extends FilterIterator {
  /**
   * Regex storage
   * @var string
   */
  private $regex;
  /**
   * Creates new AdvancedDirectoryIterator
   * @param string $path, prefix with '-R ' for recursive, postfix with /[wildcards] for matching
   * @param int $flags
   * @return DirectoryIterator
   */
  public function  __construct($path, $flags = 0) {
    if (strpos($path, '-R ') === 0) { $recursive = true; $path = substr($path, 3); }
    if (preg_match('~/?([^/]*\*[^/]*)$~', $path, $matches)) { // matched wildcards in filename
      $path = substr($path, 0, -strlen($matches[1]) - 1); // strip wildcards part from path
      $this->regex = '~^' . str_replace('*', '.*', str_replace('.', '\.', $matches[1])) . '$~'; // convert wildcards to regex
      if (!$path) $path = '.'; // if no path given, we assume CWD
    }
    parent::__construct($recursive ? new RRDI($path, $flags) : new DirectoryIterator($path));
  }
  /**
   * Checks for regex in current filename, or matches all if no regex specified
   * @return bool
   */
  public function accept() { // FilterIterator method
    return $this->regex === null ? true : preg_match($this->regex, $this->getInnerIterator()->getFilename());
  }
}

?>

Some examples:

<?php

/* @var $i DirectoryIterator */

foreach (new AdvancedDirectoryIterator('.') as $i) echo $i->getPathname() . '<br/>';
// will output all files and directories in CWD

foreach (new AdvancedDirectoryIterator('-R *.php') as $i) echo $i->getPathname() . '<br/>';
// will output all php files in CWD and all subdirectories

foreach (new AdvancedDirectoryIterator('-R js/jquery-*.js') as $i) echo $i->getPathname() . '<br/>';
// will output all jQuery versions in directory js, or throw an exception if directory js doesn't exist

?>

Pretty cool, huh? :)

kendsnyder at gmail dot com (04-Dec-2008 07:54)

Don't store DirectoryIterator objects for later; you will get an error saying "too many open files" when you store more than the operating system limit (usually 256 or 1024).

For example, this will yield an error if the directory has too many files:

<?php
$files = array();
foreach (new DirectoryIterator('myDir') as $file) {
  $files[] = $file;
}
?>

Presumably, this approach is memory intensive as well.

pcdinh at phpvietnam dot net (13-Aug-2007 03:55)

I need to traverse recursively through a directory tree and get all sub-directory paths and has written a snippet to do that.

<?php
$path = "D:\webroot\phpvietnamcms";
foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator(
           new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path, RecursiveDirectoryIterator::KEY_AS_PATHNAME), RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST) as $file => $info) {
    if ($info->isDir())
    {
        echo $file."<br />";
    }
}

?>

goran at extensionsforjoomla dot com (21-Jun-2007 12:44)

I needed to match in directory tree file name(s) by regular expression. Code is based on Marcus B?rger class DirectoryTreeIterator http://cvs.php.net/viewvc.cgi/php-src/ext/spl/examples/ and on examples given in his lecture Introduction to object oriented PHP at PHP Quebec conference 2007 http://talks.somabo.de/
<?php
class KeyFilter extends FilterIterator
{
  private $_rx;
 
  function __construct(Iterator $it, $regex)
  {
    parent::__construct($it);
    $this->_rx= $regex;
  }

  function accept()
  {
    return ereg($this->_rx,$this->getInnerIterator()->key());
  }

  protected function __clone() {
    return false;
  }
}

class DirMach extends KeyFilter
{
  function __construct($path , $regex)
  {
    parent::__construct(
    new DirectoryTreeIterator($path), $regex);
  }

  function current()
  {
    return parent::key();
  }

  function key()
  {
    return parent::key();
  }
}

class DirectoryTreeIterator extends RecursiveIteratorIterator
{
    /** Construct from a path.
     * @param $path directory to iterate
     */
    function __construct($path)
    {
     try {
      parent::__construct(
            new RecursiveCachingIterator(
                new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path, RecursiveDirectoryIterator::KEY_AS_FILENAME
                ),
                CachingIterator::CALL_TOSTRING|CachingIterator::CATCH_GET_CHILD
            ),
            parent::SELF_FIRST
        );
     } catch(Exception $e) {
       echo $e->getMessage();
       exit;
     }
    }

    /** @return the current element prefixed with ASCII graphics
     */   
    function current()
    {
      if ($this->hasChildren())
        $this->next(); 
      return $this->key();
    }

    /** Aggregates the inner iterator
     */   
    function __call($func, $params)
    {
      return call_user_func_array(array($this->getSubIterator(), $func), $params);
    }
}
$PathToSearch = 'path_to_search';
$regex = 'regular_expression';
$FileList = new DirMach($PathToSearch, $regex);
foreach ($FileList as $file) {
  $match[] = $file;
}
echo '<pre>';
var_dump($match);
echo '</pre>';
?>

pcdinh at phpvietnam dot net (19-Apr-2007 09:58)

The use of this class is rather simple
<?php
$dataDir  = dirname(__FILE__).'/world_vest_base/';
   
try
{
      $dir  = new DirectoryIterator($dataDir);

      foreach ($dir as $file)
      {
        $fileName = $file->getFilename();
      }
}
catch (Exception $ex)
{

}

?>

If $dataDir is null, a Runtime Exception will throws a message like this: Directory name must not be empty.

If $dataDir does not exist, that message will look like this:  failed to open dir: No such file or directory.

Please be careful in case you are looking for filenames in that directory because DirectoryIterator will return a very special symbolic filenames: . and .. You must do a check to ignore them before dealing with real file names.

$dir is a DirectoryIterator object

troels (03-Apr-2007 03:34)

The documentation for DirectoryIterator is sparse. I found this nice overview:
http://www.jellyandcustard.com/2006/05/18
/using-directoryiterator-to-list-files-in-php

(The above is one line, but I'm not allowed to post it like that)

springub at northclick dot de (13-Dec-2006 12:26)

udvig dot ericson at gmail dot com
29-Jul-2006 07:48

In response to the comment below from udvig. The Example ist wrong, here is the right one:

<?php
$dir = new DirectoryIterator("/tmp");
foreach ($dir as $file) {
   if ($file->isDot()) {
       continue;
   }
   echo $file->getFilename() . "\n";
}
?>

ludvig dot ericson at gmail dot com (29-Jul-2006 06:48)

In response to the comment below, you don't have to simulate a foreach(), DirectoryIterator obviously inherits SPL's Iterator interface, therefore:

<?php
$dir = new DirectoryIterator("/tmp");
foreach ($dir as $file) {
    if ($dir->isDot()) {
        continue;
    }
    echo $file . "\n";
}
?>

fernandobassani at gmail dot com (25-Jan-2006 06:36)

We can now replace the old fashioned way of listing the content from a directory!

the old way:
<?php
if ($handle = opendir('/home/fernando/temp')) {
    while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
        if ($file != "." && $file != "..") {
            print "$file <br />";
        }
    }
    closedir($handle);
}
?>

the new way:
<?php
$dir = new DirectoryIterator('/home/fernando/temp');
while($dir->valid()) {
    if(!$dir->isDot()) {
        print $dir->current()."<br />";
    }
    $dir->next();
}
?>

jakob dot buchgraber at gmail dot com (04-Jan-2006 03:36)

I wrote a function for finding all files in the current and in subdirectories.

The Code:
<?php
function getFiles(&$rdi,$depth=0) {

    if (!is_object($rdi))
        return;
       
    for ($rdi->rewind();$rdi->valid();$rdi->next()) {
       
        if ($rdi->isDot())
            continue;
       
        if ($rdi->isDir() || $rdi->isFile()) {
           
            for ($i = 0; $i<=$depth;++$i)
                echo '&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;';
               
            echo $rdi->current().'<br />';
           
            if ($rdi->hasChildren())
                getFiles($rdi->getChildren(),1+$depth);
        }
    }
}

getFiles(new RecursiveDirectoryIterator('.'));
?>