Filesystem 函数
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fnmatch

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)

fnmatch — 用模式匹配文件名

说明

bool fnmatch ( string $pattern , string $string [, int $flags ] )

fnmatch() 检查传入的 string 是否匹配给出的 shell 统配符 pattern。

此函数对于文件名尤其有用，但也可以用于普通的字符串。普通用户可能习惯于 shell 模式或者至少其中最简单的形式 '?' 和 '*' 通配符，因此使用 fnmatch() 来代替 ereg() 或者 preg_match() 来进行前端搜索表达式输入对于非程序员用户更加方便。

Example #1 用 shell 中的通配符模式匹配来检查颜色

<?php
if (fnmatch("*gr[ae]y", $color)) {
  echo "some form of gray ...";
}
?>
Warning

目前该函数无法在 Windows 或其它非 POSIX 兼容的系统上使用。

参见 glob()，ereg()，preg_match() 和 Unix 中 fnmatch(3) 的手册中的标志名（只要本文档中还未包括它们）。

Filesystem 函数
在线手册：中文 英文
PHP手册
PHP手册 - N: 用模式匹配文件名

用户评论:

me at rowanlewis dot com (01-Oct-2010 06:58)

Here's a definitive solution, which supports negative character classes and the four documented flags.

<?php
   
    if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
        define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
        define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
        define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
        define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
       
        function fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {
            return pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags);
        }
    }
   
    function pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {
        $modifiers = null;
        $transforms = array(
            '\*'    => '.*',
            '\?'    => '.',
            '\[\!'    => '[^',
            '\['    => '[',
            '\]'    => ']',
            '\.'    => '\.',
            '\\'    => '\\\\'
        );
       
        // Forward slash in string must be in pattern:
        if ($flags & FNM_PATHNAME) {
            $transforms['\*'] = '[^/]*';
        }
       
        // Back slash should not be escaped:
        if ($flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) {
            unset($transforms['\\']);
        }
       
        // Perform case insensitive match:
        if ($flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) {
            $modifiers .= 'i';
        }
       
        // Period at start must be the same as pattern:
        if ($flags & FNM_PERIOD) {
            if (strpos($string, '.') === 0 && strpos($pattern, '.') !== 0) return false;
        }
       
        $pattern = '#^'
            . strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), $transforms)
            . '$#'
            . $modifiers;
       
        return (boolean)preg_match($pattern, $string);
    }
   
?>

This probably needs further testing, but it seems to function identically to the native fnmatch implementation.

Sinured (19-Mar-2008 09:04)

An addition to my previous note: My statement regarding the FNM_* constants was wrong. They are available on POSIX-compliant systems (in other words, if fnmatch() is defined).

theboydanny at gmail dot com (29-Nov-2007 06:31)

About the windows compat functions below:
I needed fnmatch for a application that had to work on Windows, took a look here and tested both. Jk's works for me, soywiz didn't (on WinXPSP2, PHP 5.2.3).
The only difference between them is addcslashes (soywiz) instead of preg_quote (jk). They _should_ both work, but for some reason soywiz's didn't for me. So YMMV.
However, to make JK's fnmatch() work with the example in the documentation, you also have to strtr the [ and ] in $pattern.
<?php
$pattern = strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.', '\[' => '[', '\]' => ']'));
?>
And thanks for the functions, guys.

Sinured (30-Jul-2007 06:14)

Possible flags (scratched out of fnmatch.h):
...::...

FNM_PATHNAME:
> Slash in $string only matches slash in $pattern.

FNM_PERIOD:
> Leading period in $string must be exactly matched by period in $pattern.

FNM_NOESCAPE:
> Disable backslash escaping.

FNM_NOSYS:
> Obsolescent.

FNM_FILE_NAME:
> Alias of FNM_PATHNAME.

FNM_LEADING_DIR:
> From fnmatch.h: /* Ignore `/...' after a match.  */

FNM_CASEFOLD:
> Caseless match.

Since they’re appearing in file.c, but are not available in PHP, we’ll have to define them ourselves:
<?php
define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
// GNU extensions
define('FNM_FILE_NAME', FNM_PATHNAME);
define('FNM_LEADING_DIR', 8);
define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
?>

I didn’t test any of these except casefold, which worked for me.

Frederik Krautwald (12-Jun-2007 06:30)

soywiz's function still doesn't seem to work -- at least not with PHP 5.2.3 on Windows -- but jk's does.

soywiz at NOSPAM dot php dot net (21-Jan-2007 03:40)

A revised better alternative for fnmatch on windows. It should work well on PHP >= 4.0.0

<?php
    if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
        function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
            return @preg_match(
                '/^' . strtr(addcslashes($pattern, '/\\.+^$(){}=!<>|'),
                array('*' => '.*', '?' => '.?')) . '$/i', $string
            );
        }
    }
?>

jk at ricochetsolutions dot com (13-Dec-2006 01:39)

soywiz's function didnt seem to work for me, but this did.

<?php
if(!function_exists('fnmatch')) {

    function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
        return preg_match("#^".strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.'))."$#i", $string);
    } // end

} // end if
?>

soywiz at php dot net (18-Jul-2006 03:12)

A better "fnmatch" alternative for windows that converts a fnmatch pattern into a preg one. It should work on PHP >= 4.0.0

<?php
    if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
        function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
            return @preg_match('/^' . strtr(addcslashes($pattern, '\\.+^$(){}=!<>|'), array('*' => '.*', '?' => '.?')) . '$/i', $string);
        }
    }
?>

jsnell at networkninja dot com (03-Mar-2006 03:12)

The last line of soywiz at gmail dot com windows replacement should be changed to:

   return preg_match('/' . $npattern . '$/i', $string);

otherwise, a pattern for *.xml will match file.xml~ or any else anything with the text *.xml in it, regardless of position.

soywiz at gmail dot com (26-Jul-2005 12:07)

A "fnmatch" alternative that converts the pattern, to a valid preg one and uses preg_match then. It will work on windows.

<?php
if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
    for ($op = 0, $npattern = '', $n = 0, $l = strlen($pattern); $n < $l; $n++) {
        switch ($c = $pattern[$n]) {
            case '\\':
                $npattern .= '\\' . @$pattern[++$n];
            break;
            case '.': case '+': case '^': case '$': case '(': case ')': case '{': case '}': case '=': case '!': case '<': case '>': case '|':
                $npattern .= '\\' . $c;
            break;
            case '?': case '*':
                $npattern .= '.' . $c;
            break;
            case '[': case ']': default:
                $npattern .= $c;
                if ($c == '[') {
                    $op++;
                } else if ($c == ']') {
                    if ($op == 0) return false;
                    $op--;
                }
            break;
        }
    }

    if ($op != 0) return false;

    return preg_match('/' . $npattern . '/i', $string);
}
}
?>

phlipping at yahoo dot com (06-Aug-2003 11:59)

you couls also try this function that I wrote before I found fnmatch:

function WildToReg($str)
{
  $s = "";  
  for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
  {
   $c = $str{$i};
   if ($c =='?')
    $s .= '.'; // any character
   else if ($c == '*')   
    $s .= '.*'; // 0 or more any characters   
   else if ($c == '[' || $c == ']')
    $s .= $c;  // one of characters within []
   else
    $s .= '\\' . $c;
  }
  $s = '^' . $s . '$';

  //trim redundant ^ or $
  //eg ^.*\.txt$ matches exactly the same as \.txt$
  if (substr($s,0,3) == "^.*")
   $s = substr($s,3);
  if (substr($s,-3,3) == ".*$")
   $s = substr($s,0,-3);
  return $s;
}

if (ereg(WildToReg("*.txt"), $fn))
  print "$fn is a text file";
else
  print "$fn is not a text file";