Socket 函数
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socket_create

(PHP 4 >= 4.1.0, PHP 5)

socket_create — Create a socket (endpoint for communication)

说明

resource socket_create ( int $domain , int $type , int $protocol )

Creates and returns a socket resource, also referred to as an endpoint of communication. A typical network connection is made up of 2 sockets, one performing the role of the client, and another performing the role of the server.

参数

domain

The domain parameter specifies the protocol family to be used by the socket.

Available address/protocol families
Domain Description
AF_INET IPv4 Internet based protocols. TCP and UDP are common protocols of this protocol family.
AF_INET6 IPv6 Internet based protocols. TCP and UDP are common protocols of this protocol family.
AF_UNIX Local communication protocol family. High efficiency and low overhead make it a great form of IPC (Interprocess Communication).
type

The type parameter selects the type of communication to be used by the socket.

Available socket types
Type Description
SOCK_STREAM Provides sequenced, reliable, full-duplex, connection-based byte streams. An out-of-band data transmission mechanism may be supported. The TCP protocol is based on this socket type.
SOCK_DGRAM Supports datagrams (connectionless, unreliable messages of a fixed maximum length). The UDP protocol is based on this socket type.
SOCK_SEQPACKET Provides a sequenced, reliable, two-way connection-based data transmission path for datagrams of fixed maximum length; a consumer is required to read an entire packet with each read call.
SOCK_RAW Provides raw network protocol access. This special type of socket can be used to manually construct any type of protocol. A common use for this socket type is to perform ICMP requests (like ping).
SOCK_RDM Provides a reliable datagram layer that does not guarantee ordering. This is most likely not implemented on your operating system.
protocol

The protocol parameter sets the specific protocol within the specified domain to be used when communicating on the returned socket. The proper value can be retrieved by name by using getprotobyname(). If the desired protocol is TCP, or UDP the corresponding constants SOL_TCP, and SOL_UDP can also be used.

Common protocols
Name Description
icmp The Internet Control Message Protocol is used primarily by gateways and hosts to report errors in datagram communication. The "ping" command (present in most modern operating systems) is an example application of ICMP.
udp The User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless, unreliable, protocol with fixed record lengths. Due to these aspects, UDP requires a minimum amount of protocol overhead.
tcp The Transmission Control Protocol is a reliable, connection based, stream oriented, full duplex protocol. TCP guarantees that all data packets will be received in the order in which they were sent. If any packet is somehow lost during communication, TCP will automatically retransmit the packet until the destination host acknowledges that packet. For reliability and performance reasons, the TCP implementation itself decides the appropriate octet boundaries of the underlying datagram communication layer. Therefore, TCP applications must allow for the possibility of partial record transmission.

返回值

socket_create() returns a socket resource on success, or FALSE on error. The actual error code can be retrieved by calling socket_last_error(). This error code may be passed to socket_strerror() to get a textual explanation of the error.

更新日志

版本 说明
5.0.0 The AF_INET6 constant was added.

错误/异常

If an invalid domain or type is given, socket_create() defaults to AF_INET and SOCK_STREAM respectively and additionally emits an E_WARNING message.

参见

Socket 函数
在线手册：中文 英文
PHP手册
PHP手册 - N: Create a socket (endpoint for communication)

用户评论:

geoff at spacevs dot com (20-Nov-2010 09:51)

Here is a ping function for PHP without using exec/system/passthrough/etc... Very useful to use to just test if a host is online before attempting to connect to it. Timeout is in seconds.

<?PHP
        function ping($host, $timeout = 1) {
                /* ICMP ping packet with a pre-calculated checksum */
                $package = "\x08\x00\x7d\x4b\x00\x00\x00\x00PingHost";
                $socket  = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1);
                socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, array('sec' => $timeout, 'usec' => 0));
                socket_connect($socket, $host, null);

                $ts = microtime(true);
                socket_send($socket, $package, strLen($package), 0);
                if (socket_read($socket, 255))
                        $result = microtime(true) - $ts;
                else    $result = false;
                socket_close($socket);

                return $result;
        }
?>

rhollencamp at gmail dot com (09-Sep-2009 05:29)

Note that if you create a socket with AF_UNIX, a file will be created in the filesystem. This file is not removed when you call socket_close - you should unlink the file after you close the socket.

took at sd-gp dot de (29-Apr-2009 12:05)

A simple example how to send a raw udp packet

<?php
$frame = array(
    array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1),
    array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1)
);

send_frame($frame, 1500);

/**
 * Sends 18x8 MCUF-UDP packet to target host.
 *
 * see also:
 * wiki.blinkenarea.org/index.php/MicroControllerUnitFrame
 *
 * @param array    $frame 18x8 '0' or '1'
 * @param int    $delay delay in msec
 * @param string    $host target host
 * @param int    $port target port (udp)
 */
function send_frame($frame, $delay, $host="192.168.0.23", $port=2323) {
    $header = "\x23\x54\x26\x66\x00\x08\x00\x12\x00\x01\x00\xff";
    $buf = $header;
    for ($i=0;$i<8;$i++) {
        for ($j=0;$j<18;$j++) {
            if ($frame[$i][$j]) {
                $buf.="\xff";
            } else  {
                $buf.="\x00";
            }
        }
    }
    $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
    socket_sendto($socket, $buf, strlen($buf), 0, $host, $port);
    socket_close($socket);
    usleep($delay*1000);
}
?>

skelly at keenio (16-Jun-2008 06:56)

It took some investigation to understand the bit about raw sockets requiring root access and raw sockets being required to perform a seemingly simple "ping" on a Linux server. My source of confusion was that the regular command line "ping" utility did not require me to be root to exec it, so what was the difference? I found the answer starting with a forum posting to look up `man 7 raw` for raw sockets info which reveals:

"Only processes with an effective user ID of 0 or the CAP_NET_RAW  capability are allowed to open raw sockets."

So root is not the only way; the ping utility normally works because it has suid permission. There is some interesting source code however that allows you to selectively assign the CAP_NET_RAW capability without the need for suid. Use at your own risk, this is provided for informational purposes only:

http://www.olafdietsche.de/linux/capability/

shaun at verticalevolution dot com (01-May-2008 08:03)

After weeks of trying to find a PHP network client that supports TFTP and Telnet I finally break down and wrote a client library. You can find it here: http://www.verticalevolution.com/blog/index.php?/pages/PHP-Client.html

This isn't like other telnet libraries that just exec the OS's telnet, it makes and negotiates its own options. It creates the TFTP packets to send data back and forth.

alexander dot krause at ed-solutions dot de (20-Mar-2008 08:57)

On UNIX systems php needs /etc/protocols for constants like SOL_UDP and SOL_TCP.

This file was missing on my embedded platform.

Jean Charles MAMMANA (31-Jan-2008 12:54)

I've written the ping() function using socket_create() with SOCK_RAW.
(on Unix System, you need to have the root acces to execute this function)

<?php

/// start ping.inc.php ///

$g_icmp_error = "No Error";

// timeout in ms
function ping($host, $timeout)
{
        $port = 0;
        $datasize = 64;
        global $g_icmp_error;
        $g_icmp_error = "No Error";
        $ident = array(ord('J'), ord('C'));
        $seq   = array(rand(0, 255), rand(0, 255));

     $packet = '';
     $packet .= chr(8); // type = 8 : request
     $packet .= chr(0); // code = 0

     $packet .= chr(0); // checksum init
     $packet .= chr(0); // checksum init

        $packet .= chr($ident[0]); // identifier
        $packet .= chr($ident[1]); // identifier

        $packet .= chr($seq[0]); // seq
        $packet .= chr($seq[1]); // seq

        for ($i = 0; $i < $datasize; $i++)
                $packet .= chr(0);

        $chk = icmpChecksum($packet);

        $packet[2] = $chk[0]; // checksum init
        $packet[3] = $chk[1]; // checksum init

        $sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW,  getprotobyname('icmp'));
        $time_start = microtime();
    socket_sendto($sock, $packet, strlen($packet), 0, $host, $port);
   

    $read   = array($sock);
        $write  = NULL;
        $except = NULL;

        $select = socket_select($read, $write, $except, 0, $timeout * 1000);
        if ($select === NULL)
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Select Error";
                socket_close($sock);
                return -1;
        }
        elseif ($select === 0)
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Timeout";
                socket_close($sock);
                return -1;
        }

    $recv = '';
    $time_stop = microtime();
    socket_recvfrom($sock, $recv, 65535, 0, $host, $port);
        $recv = unpack('C*', $recv);
       
        if ($recv[10] !== 1) // ICMP proto = 1
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Not ICMP packet";
                socket_close($sock);
                return -1;
        }

        if ($recv[21] !== 0) // ICMP response = 0
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Not ICMP response";
                socket_close($sock);
                return -1;
        }

        if ($ident[0] !== $recv[25] || $ident[1] !== $recv[26])
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Bad identification number";
                socket_close($sock);
                return -1;
        }
       
        if ($seq[0] !== $recv[27] || $seq[1] !== $recv[28])
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Bad sequence number";
                socket_close($sock);
                return -1;
        }

        $ms = ($time_stop - $time_start) * 1000;
       
        if ($ms < 0)
        {
                $g_icmp_error = "Response too long";
                $ms = -1;
        }

        socket_close($sock);

        return $ms;
}

function icmpChecksum($data)
{
        $bit = unpack('n*', $data);
        $sum = array_sum($bit);

        if (strlen($data) % 2) {
                $temp = unpack('C*', $data[strlen($data) - 1]);
                $sum += $temp[1];
        }

        $sum = ($sum >> 16) + ($sum & 0xffff);
        $sum += ($sum >> 16);

        return pack('n*', ~$sum);
}

function getLastIcmpError()
{
        global $g_icmp_error;
        return $g_icmp_error;
}
/// end ping.inc.php ///
?>

Kyle Wilson (23-Jan-2008 01:02)

to ionic and david...

I'm just taking a stab at this, but wouldn't some combination of gethostbynamel and php_uname('n') provide you with the world-facing IP address without making a system call or using expensive socket operations?  Don't get me wrong, socket operations have their place, but if you just need the server IP from a cli script, socket operations seem expensive. :)

<?php
print_r(gethostbynamel(php_uname('n')));
?>

matth ingersoll (04-May-2007 06:45)

When running these types of sockets, typically you need to be root or else they fail (not the case with stream sockets: http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.stream-socket-server.php)

This is an example for Linux/Unix type systems to use sockets without being root. (tested on Debian and CentOS)

<?php
$user = "daemon";
$script_name = "uid"; //the name of this script

/////////////////////////////////////////////
//try creating a socket as a user other than root
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Trying to start a socket as user $user\n";
$uid_name = posix_getpwnam($user);
$uid_name = $uid_name['uid'];

if(posix_seteuid($uid_name))
{
        echo "SUCCESS: You are now $user!\n";
        if($socket = @socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1))
        {
                echo "SUCCESS: You are NOT root and created a socket! This should not happen!\n";
        } else {
                echo "ERROR: socket_create() failed because you're not root!\n";
        }
        $show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
        echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
} else {
        exit("ERROR: seteuid($uid_name) failed!\n");
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
//no try creating a socket as root
echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
echo "Trying to start a socket as user 'root'\n";
if(posix_seteuid(0))
{
        echo "SUCCESS: You are now root!\n";
        $show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
        echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
        if($socket = @socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1))
        {
                echo "SUCCESS: You created a socket as root and now should seteuid() to another user\n";
                /////////////////////////////////////////
                //now modify the socket as another user
                echo "\n__________________________________________\n";
                echo "Switching to user $user\n";
                if(posix_seteuid($uid_name))
                {
                        echo "SUCCESS: You are now $user!\n";
                        if(socket_bind($socket, 0, 8000))
                        {
                                echo "SUCCESS: socket_bind() worked as $user!\n";
                        } else {
                                echo "ERROR: Must be root to user socket_bind()\n";
                        }
                        $show_process = shell_exec("ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $script_name");
                        echo "Current process stats::-->\t $show_process";
                        socket_close($socket); //hard to error check but it does close as this user
                        echo "SUCCESS: You closed the socket as user $user!\n";
                } else {
                        echo "ERROR: seteuid($uid_name) failed while socket was open!\n";
                }

        } else {
                echo "ERROR: Socket failed for some reason!\n";
        }
} else {
        exit("ERROR: Changing to root failed!\n");
}
?>

ionic at ionic dot de (21-Jan-2007 11:39)

To david _at* eder #do; us:

Dependent on your system, you could, at least on LINUX, use exec with "/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | awk '/inet /{ print substr($2,9) }'" (also working for non-root users), that will work a little bit faster as your PHP function.

Though, we should keep in mind that users with safe_mode enabled are more or less forced to use the socket thing. :)

jens at surefoot dot com (08-Aug-2006 01:46)

Please be aware that RAW sockets (as used for the ping example) are restricted to root accounts on *nix systems. Since web servers hardly ever run as root, they won't work on webpages.

On Windows based servers it should work regardless.

(06-Jan-2006 10:36)

Here's a ping function that uses sockets instead of exec().  Note: I was unable to get socket_create() to work without running from CLI as root.  I've already calculated the package's checksum to simplify the code (the message is 'ping' but it doesn't actually matter).

<?php

function ping($host) {
    $package = "\x08\x00\x19\x2f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x70\x69\x6e\x67";

    /* create the socket, the last '1' denotes ICMP */   
    $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1);
   
    /* set socket receive timeout to 1 second */
    socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, array("sec" => 1, "usec" => 0));
   
    /* connect to socket */
    socket_connect($socket, $host, null);
   
    /* record start time */
    list($start_usec, $start_sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
    $start_time = ((float) $start_usec + (float) $start_sec);
   
    socket_send($socket, $package, strlen($package), 0);
   
    if(@socket_read($socket, 255)) {
        list($end_usec, $end_sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
        $end_time = ((float) $end_usec + (float) $end_sec);
   
        $total_time = $end_time - $start_time;
       
        return $total_time;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
   
    socket_close($socket);
}

?>

kyle gibson (29-Oct-2005 01:48)

Took me about 20 minutes to figure out the proper arguments to supply for a AF_UNIX socket. Anything else, and I would get a PHP warning about the 'type' not being supported. I hope this saves someone else time.

<?php
$socket = socket_create(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// code
?>

david at eder dot us (25-Jan-2005 07:42)

Sometimes when you are running CLI, you need to know your own ip address.

<?php

  $addr = my_ip();
  echo "my ip address is $addr\n";

  function my_ip($dest='64.0.0.0', $port=80)
  {
    $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
    socket_connect($socket, $dest, $port);
    socket_getsockname($socket, $addr, $port);
    socket_close($socket);
    return $addr;
  }
?>

david at eder dot us (08-Jun-2004 04:07)

Seems there aren't any examples of UDP clients out there.  This is a tftp client.  I hope this makes someone's life easier.

<?php
  function tftp_fetch($host, $filename)
  {
    $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);

    // create the request packet
    $packet = chr(0) . chr(1) . $filename . chr(0) . 'octet' . chr(0);
    // UDP is connectionless, so we just send on it.
    socket_sendto($socket, $packet, strlen($packet), 0x100, $host, 69);

    $buffer = '';
    $port = '';
    $ret = '';
    do
    {
      // $buffer and $port both come back with information for the ack
      // 516 = 4 bytes for the header + 512 bytes of data
      socket_recvfrom($socket, $buffer, 516, 0, $host, $port);

      // add the block number from the data packet to the ack packet
      $packet = chr(0) . chr(4) . substr($buffer, 2, 2);
      // send ack
      socket_sendto($socket, $packet, strlen($packet), 0, $host, $port);

      // append the data to the return variable
      // for large files this function should take a file handle as an arg
      $ret .= substr($buffer, 4);
    }
    while(strlen($buffer) == 516);  // the first non-full packet is the last.
    return $ret;
  }
?>

evan at coeus hyphen group dot com (15-Feb-2002 02:33)

Okay I talked with Richard a little (via e-mail). We agree that getprotobyname() and using the constants should be the same in functionality and speed, the use of one or the other is merely coding style. Personally, we both think the constants are prettier :).

The eight different protocols are the ones implemented in PHP- not the total number in existance (RFC 1340 has 98).

All we disagree on is using 0- Richard says that "accordning to the official unix/bsd sockets 0 is more than fine." I think that since 0 is a reserved number according to RFC 1320, and when used usually refers to IP, not one of it's sub-protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.)

email at NOSPAMrichard-samar dot de (13-Feb-2002 09:10)

Actually, you don't need to use
getprotobyname("tcp") but instead can use
the constants:  SOL_TCP  and   SOL_UDP.

Here an extract of the source from
ext/sockets which should make this clear.

if ((pe = getprotobyname("tcp"))) {
        REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT("SOL_TCP", pe->p_proto,
        CONST_CS | CONST_PERSISTENT);
}

Normally the third parameter can be set to 0. In the
original BSD Socket implementation the third parameter
(there are 8 different types, here only two) should be
IPPROTO_TCP or IPPROTO_UPD (or one of the 6 others ones).
These two parameters are though not warpped in PHP as
constants and therefore not available.
Please use SOL_TCP  and   SOL_UDP. e.g.:

$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);

Please be aware of the fact that UDP
and TCP can only be used with AF_INET which is: "Adress Family Internet". With UNIX Domain sockets TCP/UDP would make no sense!

best regards
-Richard-Moh Samar