MySQLi
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mysqli::prepare

mysqli_prepare

(PHP 5)

mysqli::prepare -- mysqli_prepare — Prepare an SQL statement for execution

说明

面向对象风格

mysqli_stmt mysqli::prepare ( string $query )

过程化风格

mysqli_stmt mysqli_prepare ( mysqli $link , string $query )

Prepares the SQL query, and returns a statement handle to be used for further operations on the statement. The query must consist of a single SQL statement.

The parameter markers must be bound to application variables using mysqli_stmt_bind_param() and/or mysqli_stmt_bind_result() before executing the statement or fetching rows.

参数

link

仅以过程化样式：由 mysqli_connect() 或 mysqli_init() 返回的链接标识。

query

The query, as a string.

Note:

You should not add a terminating semicolon or \g to the statement.

This parameter can include one or more parameter markers in the SQL statement by embedding question mark (?) characters at the appropriate positions.

Note:

The markers are legal only in certain places in SQL statements. For example, they are allowed in the VALUES() list of an INSERT statement (to specify column values for a row), or in a comparison with a column in a WHERE clause to specify a comparison value.

However, they are not allowed for identifiers (such as table or column names), in the select list that names the columns to be returned by a SELECT statement, or to specify both operands of a binary operator such as the = equal sign. The latter restriction is necessary because it would be impossible to determine the parameter type. It's not allowed to compare marker with NULL by ? IS NULL too. In general, parameters are legal only in Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements, and not in Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.

返回值

mysqli_prepare() returns a statement object or FALSE if an error occurred.

范例

Example #1 mysqli::prepare() example

面向对象风格

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$city = "Amersfoort";

/* create a prepared statement */
if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?")) {

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    $stmt->bind_param("s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* bind result variables */
    $stmt->bind_result($district);

    /* fetch value */
    $stmt->fetch();

    printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $district);

    /* close statement */
    $stmt->close();
}

/* close connection */
$mysqli->close();
?>

过程化风格

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$city = "Amersfoort";

/* create a prepared statement */
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "SELECT District FROM City WHERE Name=?")) {

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

    /* bind result variables */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $district);

    /* fetch value */
    mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);

    printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $district);

    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>

以上例程会输出：

Amersfoort is in district Utrecht

参见

MySQLi
在线手册：中文 英文
PHP手册
PHP手册 - N: Prepare an SQL statement for execution

用户评论:

timchampion dot NOSPAM at gmail dot com (18-Feb-2012 04:56)

Just wanted to make sure that all were aware of get_result.

In the code sample, after execute(), perform a get_result() like this:

<?php

// ... document's example code:

    /* bind parameters for markers */
    $stmt->bind_param("s", $city);

    /* execute query */
    $stmt->execute();

    /* instead of bind_result: */
    $result = $stmt->get_result();

    /* now you can fetch the results into an array - NICE */
    while ($myrow = $result->fetch_assoc()) {

        // use your $myrow array as you would with any other fetch
        printf("%s is in district %s\n", $city, $myrow['district']);

    }
?>

This is much nicer when you have a dozen or more fields coming back from your query.  Hope this helps.

Bernie van&#39;t Hof (02-Feb-2012 02:38)

Prepared statements are confusing in the beginning ..

mysqli->prepare() returns a so-called statement object which is used for subsequent operations eg execute, bind_param, store_result, bind_result, fetch, etc.

The statement object has private properties which update as each statement operation is carried out. I found these useful for understanding what is going on when writing a prepared statement function:

affected_rows
insert_id
num_rows
param_count
field_count
errno
error
sqlstate
id

But it took a little time to get my head around accessing them:

<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($query);

//       .. $stmt-> operations ..

var_dump($stmt); // shows null values

var_dump($stmt->errno); // note literal, displays value

//       .. $stmt-> operations ..

// to keep a copy ..
// get_object_properties() won't work
// clone() won't work
$properties = array();
foreach ($stmt as $name => $priv){
    $properties[$name] = $stmt->$name; //    works
    // $properties[$name] = $priv; //    won't work, foreach can't access private properties
}

$stmt->close();
// var_dump($stmt->errno) // won't work, $stmt is closed
?>

Darren (14-Jan-2012 07:09)

I wrote this function for my personal use and figured I would share it.  I am not sure if this is the appropriate forum but I wish I had this when I stumbled on to mysqli::prepare.  The function is an update of the function I posted previously.  The previous function could not handle multiple queries.

For queries:
Results of single queries are given as arrays[row#][associated Data Array]
Results of multiple queries are given as arrays[query#][row#][associated Data Array]

For queries which return an affected row#, affected rows are returned instead of (array[row#][associated Data Array])

Code and example are below:

<?php
function mysqli_prepared_query($link,$sql,$typeDef = FALSE,$params = FALSE){
  if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link,$sql)){
    if(count($params) == count($params,1)){
      $params = array($params);
      $multiQuery = FALSE;
    } else {
      $multiQuery = TRUE;
    } 
   
    if($typeDef){
      $bindParams = array();   
      $bindParamsReferences = array();
      $bindParams = array_pad($bindParams,(count($params,1)-count($params))/count($params),"");        
      foreach($bindParams as $key => $value){
        $bindParamsReferences[$key] = &$bindParams[$key]; 
      }
      array_unshift($bindParamsReferences,$typeDef);
      $bindParamsMethod = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_param');
      $bindParamsMethod->invokeArgs($stmt,$bindParamsReferences);
    }
   
    $result = array();
    foreach($params as $queryKey => $query){
      foreach($bindParams as $paramKey => $value){
        $bindParams[$paramKey] = $query[$paramKey];
      }
      $queryResult = array();
      if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
        $resultMetaData = mysqli_stmt_result_metadata($stmt);
        if($resultMetaData){                                                                              
          $stmtRow = array();  
          $rowReferences = array();
          while ($field = mysqli_fetch_field($resultMetaData)) {
            $rowReferences[] = &$stmtRow[$field->name];
          }                               
          mysqli_free_result($resultMetaData);
          $bindResultMethod = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_result');
          $bindResultMethod->invokeArgs($stmt, $rowReferences);
          while(mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)){
            $row = array();
            foreach($stmtRow as $key => $value){
              $row[$key] = $value;          
            }
            $queryResult[] = $row;
          }
          mysqli_stmt_free_result($stmt);
        } else {
          $queryResult[] = mysqli_stmt_affected_rows($stmt);
        }
      } else {
        $queryResult[] = FALSE;
      }
      $result[$queryKey] = $queryResult;
    }
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);  
  } else {
    $result = FALSE;
  }
 
  if($multiQuery){
    return $result;
  } else {
    return $result[0];
  }
}
?>

Example(s):
For a table of firstName and lastName:
John Smith
Mark Smith
Jack Johnson
Bob Johnson

<?php
//single query, single result
$query = "SELECT * FROM names WHERE firstName=? AND lastName=?";
$params = array("Bob","Johnson");

mysqli_prepared_query($link,$query,"ss",$params)
/*
returns array(
0=> array('firstName' => 'Bob', 'lastName' => 'Johnson')
)
*/

//single query, multiple results
$query = "SELECT * FROM names WHERE lastName=?";
$params = array("Smith");

mysqli_prepared_query($link,$query,"s",$params)
/*
returns array(
0=> array('firstName' => 'John', 'lastName' => 'Smith')
1=> array('firstName' => 'Mark', 'lastName' => 'Smith')
)
*/

//multiple query, multiple results
$query = "SELECT * FROM names WHERE lastName=?";
$params = array(array("Smith"),array("Johnson"));

mysqli_prepared_query($link,$query,"s",$params)
/*
returns array(
0=>
array(
0=> array('firstName' => 'John', 'lastName' => 'Smith')
1=> array('firstName' => 'Mark', 'lastName' => 'Smith')
)
1=>
array(
0=> array('firstName' => 'Jack', 'lastName' => 'Johnson')
1=> array('firstName' => 'Bob', 'lastName' => 'Johnson')
)
)
*/
?>

Hope it helps =)

Darren (11-Jan-2012 11:59)

For those learning mysqli::prepare and mysqli_stmt::bind_params for the first time, here is a commented block of code which executes prepared queries and returns data in a similar format to the return values of mysqli_query.  I tried to minimize unnecessary classes, objects, or overhead for two reasons:
1) facilitate learning
2) allow relativity interchangeable use with mysqli_query

My goal is to lower the learning curve for whoever is starting out with these family of functions.  I am by no means an expert coder/scripter, so I am sure there are improvements and perhaps a few bugs, but I hope not =)

<?php
/*
Function: mysqli_prepared_query()
  Executes prepared querys given query syntax, and bind parameters
  Returns data in array format

Arguments:
  mysqli_link
  mysqli_prepare query
  mysqli_stmt_bind_param argmuent list in the form array($typeDefinitinonString, $var1 [, mixed $... ])

Return values:
  When given SELECT, SHOW, DESCRIBE or EXPLAIN statements: returns table data in the form resultArray[row number][associated field name]
  Returns number of rows affacted when given other queries
  Returns FALSE on error                       
*/
function mysqli_prepared_query($link,$sql,$bindParams = FALSE){
  if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link,$sql)){
    if ($bindParams){                                                                                                   
      $bindParamsMethod = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_param');  //allows for call to mysqli_stmt->bind_param using variable argument list      
      $bindParamsReferences = array();  //will act as arguments list for mysqli_stmt->bind_param 
     
      $typeDefinitionString = array_shift($bindParams);
      foreach($bindParams as $key => $value){
        $bindParamsReferences[$key] = &$bindParams[$key]; 
      }
     
      array_unshift($bindParamsReferences,$typeDefinitionString); //returns typeDefinition as the first element of the string 
      $bindParamsMethod->invokeArgs($stmt,$bindParamsReferences); //calls mysqli_stmt->bind_param suing $bindParamsRereferences as the argument list
    }
    if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){
      $resultMetaData = mysqli_stmt_result_metadata($stmt);
      if($resultMetaData){                                                                              
        $stmtRow = array(); //this will be a result row returned from mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)  
        $rowReferences = array();  //this will reference $stmtRow and be passed to mysqli_bind_results
        while ($field = mysqli_fetch_field($resultMetaData)) {
          $rowReferences[] = &$stmtRow[$field->name];
        }                               
        mysqli_free_result($resultMetaData);
        $bindResultMethod = new ReflectionMethod('mysqli_stmt', 'bind_result');
        $bindResultMethod->invokeArgs($stmt, $rowReferences); //calls mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt,[$rowReferences]) using object-oriented style
        $result = array();
        while(mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)){
          foreach($stmtRow as $key => $value){  //variables must be assigned by value, so $result[] = $stmtRow does not work (not really sure why, something with referencing in $stmtRow)
            $row[$key] = $value;          
          }
          $result[] = $row;
        }
        mysqli_stmt_free_result($stmt);
      } else {
        $result = mysqli_stmt_affected_rows($stmt);
      }
      mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
    } else {
      $result = FALSE;
    }
  } else {
    $result = FALSE;
  }
  return $result;
}

?>

Here's hoping the PHP gods don't smite me.

Zeebuck (24-Jul-2011 08:51)

I think that the purpose that it was originally built for, and the purpose that people use it for today, have diverged.  But why dwell on the original purpose?  Obviously more code has been put into prepared statements today to allow it to be used to prevent sql injections, so it is now part of the design purpose today, as well as performance on repeatable statements.

Codeguy (30-Apr-2011 03:39)

The actual purpose to use a prepared statement in sql is to cut the cost of processing queries; NOT to separate data from query. That's how it's being used w/ php NOW, not how it was designed to be used in the first place. With SQL you cut the cost of executing multiple similar queries down by using a prepared statement.. Doing so cuts out the parsing, validation and most often generates an execution plan for said query up front. Which is why they run faster in a loop, than their  IMMEDIATE Query cousins do. Do not assume that just because someone uses php and this function this way does not mean that it is THE way, or only way to do it. Although it is more secure than general queries but they are also more limited in what they can do or more precisely how you can go about doing it.

prwexler at earthlink dot net (09-Apr-2011 12:14)

Actually, the purpose of a prepare statement is to separate user input from SQL commands.  This increases security by preventing a user from executing his own SQL code and damaging the integrity of a database.

Domenic Denicola (10-Jan-2010 03:18)

It's worth noting that this function will error out with "Number of variables doesn't match number of parameters in prepared statement" for reasons that have nothing to do with the number of variables and parameters.

For example, I made the newbie mistake of saying "SELECT (username, password) FROM mytable WHERE something = ?" instead of "SELECT username, password FROM mytable WHERE something = ?" and got that error.

So basically, if you get that error, check your query syntax very carefully before poking around for the various problems that could occur with binding, pass-by-reference, etc.

sdepouw at NOSPAM dot com (30-Jul-2009 02:03)

I don't know how obvious this was for anyone else, but if you attempt to prepare a query for a table that doesn't exist in the database the connection currently points to (or if your query is invalid in some other way, I suppose), an object will not be returned. I only noticed this after doing some digging when I kept getting a fatal error saying that my statement variable was not an set to an instance of an object (it was probably null).

Replace NOSPAM with nimblepros to e-mail me.

rafael at stiod dot com (30-Sep-2008 12:44)

All data must be fetched before a new statement prepare

admin at xorath dot com (15-Aug-2007 06:39)

Performance note to those who wonder. I performed a test where first of all inserted about 30,000 posts with one PK:id and a varchar(20), where the varchar data was md5-hash for the current iterator value just to fill with some data.

The test was performed on a dedicated ubuntu 7.04 server with apache2/php5/mysql5.0 running on Athlon 64 - 3000+ with 512MB of RAM. The queries where tested with a for-loop from 0 to 30000 first with:

<?php
for ( $i = 0; $i <= 30000; ++$i )
{
    $result = $mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM test WHERE id = $i");
    $row = $result->fetch_row();
    echo $row[0]; //prints id
}
?>

which gave a page-load time of about 3.3seconds avarage, then with this loop:

<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("SELECT * FROM test WHERE id = ?");
for ( $i = 0; $i <= 30000; ++$i )
{
    $stmt->bind_param("i", $i);
    $stmt->execute();
    $stmt->bind_result($id, $md5);
    $stmt->fetch();
    echo $id;
}
$stmt->close();
?>

and the avarage page-load was lowered by 1.3sec, which means about 2.0 sec avarage! Guess the performance difference could be even greater on a more complex/larger table and more complex SQL-queries.

nom0ny at yahoo dot com (25-May-2007 08:30)

It must be noted in the Description whether developers should call mysqli_stmt_close prior to executing mysqli_prepare again on the same statement variable.

Example, Script A calls mysqli_stmt_close twice:
<?php
/* Script A -- We are already connected to the database */

$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO table VALUES (?, ?, 100)"); /* Query 1 */
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "si", $string, $integer);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); // CLOSE $stmt

$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO table VALUES ('PHP', ?, ?)"); /* Query 2 */
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "ii", $integer, $code);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); // CLOSE $stmt

/* Script A -- Continues on... */
?>

Next, we have Script B, calling mysqli_prepare again before issuing mysqli_stmt_close on the prior statement.
<?php
/* Script B -- We are already connected to the database */

$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO table VALUES (?, ?, 100)"); /* Query 1 */
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "si", $string, $integer);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

$stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO table VALUES ('PHP', ?, ?)"); /* Query 2 */
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "ii", $integer, $code);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); // CLOSE $stmt

/* Script B -- Continues on... */
?>

Which method is more efficient and should be used by developers?

Adam (10-Aug-2006 11:03)

The purpose of prepared statements is to not include data in your SQL statements. Including them in your SQL statements is NOT safe. Always use prepared statements. They are cleaner to use (code easier to read) and not prone to SQL injections.

Escaping strings to include in SQL statements doesn't work very well in some locales hence it is not safe.

codeFiend <aeontech at gmail dot com> (05-May-2006 10:47)

Note that single-quotes around the parameter markers _will_ prevent your statement from being prepared correctly.
Ex:

<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("INSERT INTO City (District) VALUES ('?')");
echo $stmt->param_count." parameters\n";
?>
will print 0 and fail with "Number of variables doesn't match number of parameters in prepared statement" warning when you try to bind the variables to it.

But

<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare("INSERT INTO City (District) VALUES (?)");
echo $stmt->param_count." parameters\n";
?>
will print 1 and function correctly.

Very annoying, took me an hour to figure this out.

Ulf Wostner (23-Jan-2006 04:53)

Here is an example using bind_param and bind_result, showing iteration over a list of cities.

Note that there's some bug-potential in cases where the query returns NULL for some parameter value,
but the bind_result variables still might be bound.  So, we use a conditional to spray the spot first.

$mysqli->select_db("world");

$template = "SELECT District, CountryCode FROM City WHERE Name=?";
printf("Prepare statement from template: %s\n",  $template);

$cities = array('San Francisco', 'Lisbon', 'Lisboa', 'Marrakech', 'Madrid');
printf("Cities: %s\n", join(':', $cities));

if ($stmt = $mysqli->prepare($template)) {

   foreach($cities as $city) {
     // bind the string $city to the '?'
     $stmt->bind_param("s", $city);
     $stmt->execute();
     // bind result variables
     $stmt->bind_result($d,$cc);
     // 'Lisbon' is not found in the world.City table, but 'Lisboa' is.
     // Using a conditional we avoid putting Lisbon in California.
     if($stmt->fetch()) {
       printf("%s is in  %s, %s\n", $city, $d, $cc);
     }

   }
   $stmt->close();
}

With the conditional statement we get the desired result:

Prepare statement from template: SELECT District,CountryCode FROM City WHERE Name=?
Cities: San Francisco:Lisbon:Lisboa:Marrakech:Madrid

San Francisco is in  California, USA
Lisboa is in  Lisboa, PRT
Marrakech is in  Marrakech-Tensift-Al, MAR
Madrid is in  Madrid, ESP

But, without the conditional statement we would put Lisbon in California:

San Francisco is in  California, USA
Lisbon is in  California, USA
Lisboa is in  Lisboa, PRT
Marrakech is in  Marrakech-Tensift-Al, MAR
Madrid is in  Madrid, ESP

David Kramer (20-Dec-2005 08:50)

I don't think these are good examples, because the primary use of prepared queries is when you are going to call the same query in a loop, plugging in different values each time.  For instance, if you were generating a report and needed to run the same query for each line, tweaking the values in the WHERE clause, or importing data from another system.