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Mail 函数

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Mail
在线手册：中文 英文
PHP手册
PHP手册 - N: Mail 函数

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webmaster at weethet dot nl (01-Sep-2007 03:35)

As mentioned earlier, for Windows users there is a fake sendmail option. A bit more detailed description how to do this is:

If you have a test server in use running Windows and some kind of WAMP combo (XXAMP, WAMP Server, etc) then you'll notice that the PHP sendmail command (mail()) does not work. Windows simply does not provide the sendmail statement ...

There is a simple trick to get this to work though;

1) Download (or use the attached file) sendmail.zip from http://glob.com.au/sendmail/

2) Unzip this in a folder on your c: drive (preferably use a simple path, for example c:\wamp\sendmail -- long filenames could cause problems)

3) Edit your PHP.INI file (note: WAMP users should access their php.ini file from the WAMP menu). Go to the [mail function] section and modify it as such:

[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
;SMTP =

; For Win32 only.
;sendmail_from =

; For Unix only.  You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i").
sendmail_path = "C:\wamp\sendmail\sendmail.exe -t"

; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters
; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of
; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode.
;mail.force_extra_paramaters =

.. and save the changes.

4) Open the sendmail.ini and modify the settings to:

[sendmail]

; you must change mail.mydomain.com to your smtp server,
; or to IIS's "pickup" directory.  (generally C:\Inetpub\mailroot\Pickup)
; emails delivered via IIS's pickup directory cause sendmail to
; run quicker, but you won't get error messages back to the calling
; application.

smtp_server=mail.yourdomain.com

; smtp port (normally 25)

smtp_port=25

; the default domain for this server will be read from the registry
; this will be appended to email addresses when one isn't provided
; if you want to override the value in the registry, uncomment and modify

default_domain=yourdomain.com

; log smtp errors to error.log (defaults to same directory as sendmail.exe)
; uncomment to enable logging
; error_logfile=sendmail_error.log

; create debug log as debug.log (defaults to same directory as sendmail.exe)
; uncomment to enable debugging
; debug_logfile=sendmail_debug.log

; if your smtp server requires authentication, modify the following two lines

;auth_username=
;auth_password=

; if your smtp server uses pop3 before smtp authentication, modify the
; following three lines

pop3_server=mail.yourdomain.com
pop3_username=you@yourdomain.com
pop3_password=mysecretpassword

; to force the sender to always be the following email address, uncomment and
; populate with a valid email address.  this will only affect the "MAIL FROM"
; command, it won't modify the "From: " header of the message content

force_sender=you@yourdomain.com

; sendmail will use your hostname and your default_domain in the ehlo/helo
; smtp greeting.  you can manually set the ehlo/helo name if required

hostname=

The optional error and debug logging is recommended when trying this the first time, so you have a clue what goes wrong in case it doesn't work.
Force_sender is also optional, but recommended to avoid confusion on the server end.
Obviously mail.yourdomain.com, you@yourdomain.com, and mysecretpassword should be the relevant info for your SMTP server.
Now restart the WAMP services (mainly Apache so PHP re-reads it's config).

Now you're good to go and use the PHP mail() statement as if you're a Unix user ...

jo at camindo de (06-Feb-2007 09:26)

If you have programmed headers do not adopt post-values unfiltered!!
Often used in scripts, and often abused by spam mailings:

<?php
$headers = "From: {$email}";
?>

If somebody posts email="me@example.com
Bcc:someone1@example.com,someoneelse@example.com,..."
(with linebreak behind me@example.com)

You get following headers:

From: me@example.com
Bcc:someone1@example.com,someoneelse@example.com,...

brett at brettbrewer dot com (05-Dec-2006 07:05)

I was having problems with all php emails showing up on my Exchange server as attachements instead of normal emails. I discovered that Exchange needs the MIME Version header. I simply added this to the beginning of my email headers:

<?php
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
?>

Now messages show up properly when they arrive at my Exchange server.

anselm at netuxo dot co dot uk (10-Nov-2006 10:31)

In case you don't want to, or can't, configure sendmail for your server, a good alternative is esmtp - it's an smtp mailer with minimum configuration that can be used as a sendmail drop-in : http://esmtp.sourceforge.net/

furrykef at gmail dot com (03-Nov-2006 10:38)

If you use a regexp to validate an e-mail address, be sure that you actually use a correct regexp. In particular, there are more valid punctuation characters than you may think. All of these characters may appear to the left of the at-sign: ! # $ % & ' * + - / = ? ^ _ ` { | } ~

Don't believe me? Look at RFC 2822, which defines the current standard for e-mail addresses. ;)

There's no reason, other than laziness, to reject e-mail address that contain these characters to the left of the at-sign. You might think that nobody uses these characters, but people who write incorrect regexps are one reason why. Do your part to correct this situation. :)

Note in particular the plus sign. Many regexps reject addresses with the plus sign, but there are e-mail addresses that have them. In particular, gmail has a special feature called "plus addressing", so that if your username is "joeuser", you can use "joeuser+web at gmail dot com" and "joeuser+business at gmail dot com" as separate addresses, and the e-mail will be sorted depending on which address was used.

Even allowing all those punctuation characters isn't enough to fully satisfy RFC2822. For example, you can use quoted strings to allow spaces in e-mail addresses, such as "joe user" at somewhere dot com. But I wouldn't worry about such things too much, because they're too obscure; just make sure you get all the punctuation characters in there.

By the way, also read RFC 3696 and its errata. These define rules for e-mail addresses in more plain language.

martin dot felis at gmx dot de (11-Mar-2006 03:03)

If using a chroot environment and you don't want to have a full mailer in it, mini-sendmail (can be found at http://www.acme.com/software/mini_sendmail/) is very useful. It is just a small binary that sends mails over your local mta over port 25.

Martin

derernst at gmx dot ch (17-Feb-2006 04:43)

Suggestion for methods checking form inputs for e-mail injection attempts.

Any inputs expected from single-line text fields can just be refused if they contain a newline character. The second function tries to minimize matches on non-evil inputs by matching suspect strings only if preceded by a newline character. (Anyway, if this is considered to be safe, it will of course do it for single-line inputs, too.)

<?php

/**
* Check single-line inputs:
* Returns false if text contains newline character 
*/
function has_no_newlines($text)
{
    return preg_match("/(%0A|%0D|\\n+|\\r+)/i", $text) == 0;
}

/**
* Check multi-line inputs:
* Returns false if text contains newline followed by
* email-header specific string
*/
function has_no_emailheaders($text)
{
    return preg_match("/(%0A|%0D|\\n+|\\r+)(content-type:|to:|cc:|bcc:)/i", $text) == 0;
}

?>

jcwebb at dicoe dot com (08-Feb-2006 10:16)

Corrupted Attachments ???
I spent many hours with corrupted attachments (of all types of files) - The answer: a blank line is needed after $msg.=$file \r\n \r\n [incredible but true].
Heres some useful code for sending an attachment, and display html OR text depending on the users email-reader.

i work with many different systems, so...

<?php # Is the OS Windows or Mac or Linux
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS,0,3)=='WIN')) {
  $eol="\r\n";
} elseif (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS,0,3)=='MAC')) {
  $eol="\r";
} else {
  $eol="\n";
} ?>

<?php
# File for Attachment
$f_name="../../letters/".$letter;    // use relative path OR ELSE big headaches. $letter is my file for attaching.
$handle=fopen($f_name, 'rb');
$f_contents=fread($handle, filesize($f_name));
$f_contents=chunk_split(base64_encode($f_contents));    //Encode The Data For Transition using base64_encode();
$f_type=filetype($f_name);
fclose($handle);
# To Email Address
$emailaddress="user@example.com";
# Message Subject
$emailsubject="Heres An Email with a PDF".date("Y/m/d H:i:s");
# Message Body
ob_start();
  require("emailbody.php");     // i made a simple & pretty page for showing in the email
$body=ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean();

# Common Headers
$headers .= 'From: Jonny <jon@example.com>'.$eol;
$headers .= 'Reply-To: Jonny <jon@example.com>'.$eol;
$headers .= 'Return-Path: Jonny <jon@example.com>'.$eol;     // these two to set reply address
$headers .= "Message-ID:<".$now." TheSystem@".$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].">".$eol;
$headers .= "X-Mailer: PHP v".phpversion().$eol;           // These two to help avoid spam-filters
# Boundry for marking the split & Multitype Headers
$mime_boundary=md5(time());
$headers .= 'MIME-Version: 1.0'.$eol;
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=\"".$mime_boundary."\"".$eol;
$msg = "";

# Attachment
$msg .= "--".$mime_boundary.$eol;
$msg .= "Content-Type: application/pdf; name=\"".$letter."\"".$eol;   // sometimes i have to send MS Word, use 'msword' instead of 'pdf'
$msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64".$eol;
$msg .= "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"".$letter."\"".$eol.$eol; // !! This line needs TWO end of lines !! IMPORTANT !!
$msg .= $f_contents.$eol.$eol;
# Setup for text OR html
$msg .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative".$eol;

# Text Version
$msg .= "--".$mime_boundary.$eol;
$msg .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1".$eol;
$msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit".$eol;
$msg .= "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.".$eol;
$msg .= "If you are reading this, please update your email-reading-software.".$eol;
$msg .= "+ + Text Only Email from Genius Jon + +".$eol.$eol;

# HTML Version
$msg .= "--".$mime_boundary.$eol;
$msg .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1".$eol;
$msg .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit".$eol;
$msg .= $body.$eol.$eol;

# Finished
$msg .= "--".$mime_boundary."--".$eol.$eol;   // finish with two eol's for better security. see Injection.

# SEND THE EMAIL
ini_set(sendmail_from,'from@example.com');  // the INI lines are to force the From Address to be used !
  mail($emailaddress, $emailsubject, $msg, $headers);
ini_restore(sendmail_from);
?>


I hope this helps.
Jon Webb [Madrid&London]

[EDITOR thiago NOTE: Code has a fix from o.straesser AT gmx DOT de]

lawcd at ntlworld dot com (30-Jan-2006 05:38)

For those of you with the exim, if its not sending mail with the -i option and you cant easily change this, you might want to check out the imap_mail() function which works almost exactly the same and doesnt use exim, most web hosts provide this. If you using your own server then php needs to be compiled with imap libraries etc.

See http://uk2.php.net/manual/en/function.imap-mail.php

aweather88 at gmail dot com (14-Dec-2005 10:45)

I spent hours searching the web trying to figure out why I was getting a "WARNING: mail(): SMTP server response: 501 5.5.4 Invalid Address " every time I was using the mail() function on my server (Win2K3,IIS 6.0,PHP4.4.1).  I knew everything was setup properly for SMTP based on other non IIS 6.0 configurations.

Turns out that the IIS 6.0 SMTP service does not like formatting of the "From" field in mail headers.  For instance:
<?PHP
   //This line DOES NOT send  mail message correctly
   $headers .= "From: \"".$fromname."\" <".$fromaddress.">\n";
?>
However this works:
<?PHP
   //This line sends mail message correctly
   $headers .= "From: \"".$fromaddress."\"\n";
?>

The fix is in Microsoft Article ID 291828 ( http://support.microsoft.com/?id=291828 ).  Even though the "bug" workaround is for IIS 6.0 on Exchange 2003 communicating with a UNIX server, THIS SOLVES THE PROBLEM.  Just skip down to the last section for Exchange 2003 and follow the instructions to modify the IIS 6 MetaBase with the MetaBase Explorer found in the IIS 6 Resource Kit.

Andrew W (27-Apr-2005 11:19)

I spent weeks trying to work out why PHP couldnt send mail through Exim (called locally) when for all other purposes Exim worked fine.  Here, after hours of work is the answer and I hope it saves someone else some time:

PHP by default calls sendmail/exim/whatever with the options -t & -i

-i is causing Exim to sit there waiting for more input, not detecting the end of the message.  You need to tell it not to use -i by manually specifying the arguments you DO want on sendmail_path like this:

sendmail_path = /path/to/exim -t

wtmusic (13-Jun-2004 08:53)

Beware of Mac "line feeds" (\r) in long text strings in the body of a message--may cause Sendmail to insert exclamation points after every 256 chars

josh at sdfahrenheit dot com (16-Apr-2004 03:52)

For anyone having problems with attached files coming through garbled, make sure you have magic_quotes_runtime set to Off in your php.ini - it adds funky escape chars to your attached data and garbles the attachment.

This was giving me all kinds of grief.