PostgreSQL
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PostgreSQL 函数

注释

Note:

Not all functions are supported by all builds. It depends on your libpq (The PostgreSQL C client library) version and how libpq is compiled. If PHP PostgreSQL extensions are missing, then it is because your libpq version does not support them.

Note:

Most PostgreSQL functions accept connection as the first optional parameter. If it is not provided, the last opened connection is used. If it doesn't exist, functions return FALSE.

Note:

PostgreSQL automatically folds all identifiers (e.g. table/column names) to lower-case values at object creation time and at query time. To force the use of mixed or upper case identifiers, you must escape the identifier using double quotes ("").

Note:

PostgreSQL does not have special commands for fetching database schema information (eg. all the tables in the current database). Instead, there is a standard schema named information_schema in PostgreSQL 7.4 and above containing system views with all the necessary information, in an easily queryable form. See the » PostgreSQL Documentation for full details.

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PostgreSQL
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PHP手册 - N: PostgreSQL 函数

用户评论:

cc[plus]php[at]c2se[dot]com (25-Mar-2009 05:12)

Parsing a postgres array can be a tricky problem, he's my take on this, it handles multi-dimensional arrays plus escaping using a nasty regexp to determine the limits of each data-item.

<?php
function pg_array_parse( $text, &$output, $limit = false, $offset = 1 )
{
  if( false === $limit )
  {
    $limit = strlen( $text )-1;
    $output = array();
  }
  if( '{}' != $text )
    do
    {
      if( '{' != $text{$offset} )
      {
        preg_match( "/(\\{?\"([^\"\\\\]|\\\\.)*\"|[^,{}]+)+([,}]+)/", $text, $match, 0, $offset );
        $offset += strlen( $match[0] );
        $output[] = ( '"' != $match[1]{0} ? $match[1] : stripcslashes( substr( $match[1], 1, -1 ) ) );
        if( '},' == $match[3] ) return $offset;
      }
      else  $offset = pg_array_parse( $text, $output[], $limit, $offset+1 );
    }
    while( $limit > $offset );
  return $output;
}
?>

rainer at hihn dot org (08-Dec-2008 09:07)

<?php
function pg_export_table_content() {
    /*
      * this function exports all contents of all tables in the file import.sql
      * $pg-> = my postgres db class
      */
    $tables = array();
    $mytables = array();

    $all_tables = $pg->query("SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public' and table_type = 'BASE TABLE';");
    while($row = $pg->fetch_row($all_tables)) {
        $tables[] = $row->table_name;
    }

    $esc[] = "value";
    $esc[] = "time";
    $esc[] = "order";
    $esc[] = "comment";
    $esc[] = "group";
    $esc[] = "time";
    $esc[] = "name";
    $esc[] = "alter";
    $esc[] = "user";
   
    foreach($tables as $v1) {
        $myqry = "select * from \"".$v1."\"";
        $myres = $pg->query($myqry);
        while($myrow = $pg->fetch_assoc($myres)) {
            $mytables[$v1][] = $myrow;
        }
    }
   
    $handle = fopen("./import.sql", "w+");
   
    foreach($mytables as $k1 => $v1) {
        foreach($v1 as $k2 => $v2) {
            foreach($v2 as $k3 => $v3) {   
                if(in_array($k3, $esc)) {
                    $mycols[] = "\"".$k3."\"";
                }
                else {
                    $mycols[] = $k3;
                }
               
                $col_qry = "select column_name, data_type from information_schema.columns where table_name = '".$k1."'";
                $col_res = $pg->query($col_qry);
                while($col_row = $pg->fetch_assoc($col_res)) {
                    $mydatatypes[$col_row["column_name"]] = $col_row["data_type"];
                }

                if(($mydatatypes[$k3] == "integer") || ($mydatatypes[$k3] == "bigint") || ($mydatatypes[$k3] == "smallint")) {
                    if(empty($v3)) {
                        $myval[] = "NULL";
                    }
                    else {
                        $myval[] = $v3;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    $myval[] = "'".$v3."'";
                }
            }
            $myquery = "insert into ".$k1."(".implode(",", $mycols).") VALUES (".implode(",", $myval).");";
            unset($myval,$mycols);
            fwrite($handle, $myquery."\n");
        }
    }
   
    fclose($handle);
}
?>

Demeter dot Tamas at stud dot u-szeged dot hu (28-Jul-2008 09:40)

There is no need to parse a postgres array. The stored procedures should never return an array. Use SETOF instead.

veggivore at yahoo dot com (22-Feb-2008 11:39)

Parse a PostgreSQL array of any dimension to a PHP array.

Works great if you absolutely trust the data ;-)

<?php
function pg_array_parse($array, $asText = true) {
    $s = $array;
    if ($asText) {
        $s = str_replace("{", "array('", $s);
        $s = str_replace("}", "')", $s);   
        $s = str_replace(",", "','", $s);   
    } else {
        $s = str_replace("{", "array(", $s);
        $s = str_replace("}", ")", $s);
    }
    $s = "\$retval = $s;";
    eval($s);
    return $retval;
}
?>

(12-Mar-2007 05:28)

Quick and dirty emulation of the mysql_select_db () function for Postgres:

<?php

function pg_select_db ($dbName)
{
    $query = '\connect '.pg_escape_string ($dbName);
    if ($result = pg_query ($query))
        return (true);
    else
        return (false);
}
?>

Obviously not a great example, but it at least demonstrates how to implement mysql_select_db functionality when using Postgres.  Or you could always use schemas :)

(17-Nov-2006 12:30)

Chris KL: Will parse well {"\\"}? The second " will be treat as escaped while it shoudn't...

(21-Oct-2006 06:10)

Lots of advice on stored procedures didn't work for me.  This did:

<?php
$response = pg_query( $connection, "BEGIN; DECLARE s CURSOR FOR SELECT get_consumer('harry'); FETCH ALL IN s; END;" );
?>

..where harry looks like this:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_consumer( varchar )
RETURNS refcursor
AS '
DECLARE
  _name          ALIAS FOR $1;
  r              refcursor;
BEGIN
  OPEN r FOR SELECT name FROM consumer
  WHERE
    consumer.name = _name
  ;
  RETURN r;
END
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';

Chris KL (11-Nov-2005 01:17)

Here is a better array parser for PHP.  It will work with 1-d arrays only.  Unlike the example below it will work in all cases.

    /**
     * Change a db array into a PHP array
     * @param $arr String representing the DB array
     * @return A PHP array
     */
    function phpArray($dbarr) {
        // Take off the first and last characters (the braces)
        $arr = substr($dbarr, 1, strlen($dbarr) - 2);

        // Pick out array entries by carefully parsing.  This is necessary in order
        // to cope with double quotes and commas, etc.
        $elements = array();
        $i = $j = 0;       
        $in_quotes = false;
        while ($i < strlen($arr)) {
            // If current char is a double quote and it's not escaped, then
            // enter quoted bit
            $char = substr($arr, $i, 1);
            if ($char == '"' && ($i == 0 || substr($arr, $i - 1, 1) != '\\'))
                $in_quotes = !$in_quotes;
            elseif ($char == ',' && !$in_quotes) {
                // Add text so far to the array
                $elements[] = substr($arr, $j, $i - $j);
                $j = $i + 1;
            }
            $i++;
        }
        // Add final text to the array
        $elements[] = substr($arr, $j);

        // Do one further loop over the elements array to remote double quoting
        // and escaping of double quotes and backslashes
        for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($elements); $i++) {
            $v = $elements[$i];
            if (strpos($v, '"') === 0) {
                $v = substr($v, 1, strlen($v) - 2);
                $v = str_replace('\\"', '"', $v);
                $v = str_replace('\\\\', '\\', $v);
                $elements[$i] = $v;
            }
        }

        return $elements;
    }

1413 at blargh dot com (12-Oct-2005 01:09)

Here is some quick and dirty code to convert Postgres-returned arrays into PHP arrays.  There's probably a billion bugs, but since I'm only dealing with variable-depth-and-length arrays of integers, it works for my needs.

Most notably, any data that might have commas in it won't work right...

<?php
function PGArrayToPHPArray($pgArray)
{
  $ret = array();
  $stack = array(&$ret);
  $pgArray = substr($pgArray, 1, -1);
  $pgElements = explode(",", $pgArray);
 
  ArrayDump($pgElements);

  foreach($pgElements as $elem)
    {
      if(substr($elem,-1) == "}")
        {
          $elem = substr($elem,0,-1);
          $newSub = array();
          while(substr($elem,0,1) != "{")
            {
              $newSub[] = $elem;
              $elem = array_pop($ret);
            }
          $newSub[] = substr($elem,1);
          $ret[] = array_reverse($newSub);
        }
      else
        $ret[] = $elem;
    }
  return $ret;
}
?>

anis_wn at gawab dot com (06-Jun-2005 05:45)

Setting up PostgreSQL for higher security PHP connection.

Case:
We want to connect to PostgreSQL database using username and password supplied by webuser at login time.

Fact (Linux):
Apache (perhaps other servers, too) running the server as (default to) apache user account. So if you connect to PostgreSQL using default user, apache will be assingned for it. If you hard code the user and password in your PHP script, you'll loose security restriction from PostgreSQL.

Solution:
(You are assumed to have enough privilege to do these things, though)
1. Edit pg_hba.conf to have the line like the one below
    host    db_Name    [web_server_ip_address] [ip_address_mask] md5
2. Add to you script the login page that submits username and password.
3. Use those information to login to PostgreSQL like these...
<?
    $conn = "host=$DBHost port=$DBPort dbname=$DBName ".
            "user='{$_POST['dbUsername']}' password='{$_POST['dbPassword']}'";
    $db = pg_connect ($conn);
[your other codes go here...]
?>
4. You must add users in PostgreSQL properly.
5. For your convenience, you can store the username and password to $_SESSION variable.

Good luck.
Anis WN

WillowCatkin at hotmail dot com (21-May-2005 02:43)

There is an example:
<?php
/*
 * Define PostgreSQL database server connect parameters.
 */
define('PGHOST','10.0.0.218');
define('PGPORT',5432);
define('PGDATABASE','example');
define('PGUSER', 'root');
define('PGPASSWORD', 'nopass');
define('PGCLIENTENCODING','UNICODE');
define('ERROR_ON_CONNECT_FAILED','Sorry, can not connect the database server now!');

/*
 * Merge connect string and connect db server with default parameters.
 */
pg_pconnect('host=' . PGHOST . ' port=' . PGPORT . ' dbname=' . PGDATABASE . ' user=' . PGUSER . ' password=' . PGPASSWORD);

/*
 * generate sql statements to call db-server-side stored procedure(or function)
 * @parameter    string    $proc        stored procedure name.
 * @parameter    array    $paras        parameters, 2 dimensions array.
 * @return        string    $sql = 'select "proc"(para1,para2,para3);'
 * @example    pg_prepare('userExists',
 *                            array(
 *                                array('userName','chin','string'),
 *                                array('userId','7777','numeric')
 *                            )
 * )
 */
function pg_prepare($proc, $paras)
{
    $sql = 'select "' . $proc . '"(';
    $sql .= $paras[0][2] == 'numeric' ? $paras[0][1] : "'" . str_replace("'","''",$paras[0][1]) . "'";
    $len = count($paras);
    for ($i = 1; $i < $len; $i ++)
    {
        $sql .= ',';
        $sql .= $paras[$i][2] == 'numeric' ? $paras[$i][1] : "'" . str_replace("'","''",$paras[$i][1]) . "'";
    }
    $sql .= ');';
    return $sql;
}
?>

adaml at mimuw edu pl (02-Oct-2004 02:07)

Yes, PHP does support stored procedures
You have to add "select" before the name of the
procedure, just like that:

$result = pg_querry($conn, "SELECT procedure_x($aa)");

if a procedure returns a cursor you do something like that:

$result = pg_query($conn, "SELECT procedure_x('rcursor'); FETCH ALL IN rcursor");

74012 dot 2773 at compuserve dot com (02-Jul-2004 05:35)

for just a list of tables, this works with postgresql-7.2.1:

function pg_list_tables($db) {
    $sql = "select relname from pg_stat_user_tables order by relname;";
    return pg_query($db, $sql);
}

abondi at ijk dot it (26-May-2004 01:11)

I've found another function to mimic the following mysql list tables function (http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-list-tables.php) that's more useful for my target:

function pg_list_tables() {
      $sql = "SELECT a.relname AS Name
          FROM pg_class a, pg_user b
          WHERE ( relkind = 'r') and relname !~ '^pg_' AND relname !~ '^sql_'
          AND relname !~ '^xin[vx][0-9]+' AND b.usesysid = a.relowner
          AND NOT (EXISTS (SELECT viewname FROM pg_views WHERE viewname=a.relname));";
      return(pg_query($conn, $sql));
}

daniel at bichara dot com dot br (31-Dec-2002 01:04)

Running RedHat Linux and Apache with suexec enabled you must include pgsql.so on each .php file using dl("pgsql.so") and remove "extension=pgsql.so" from php.ini, otherwise Apache (httpd) will not start.

anonymous at unknown dot com (29-Nov-2002 05:50)

I just wanted to add to my previous post I've got the system up and running.
Environment: Windows XP, Apache 1.3.23, Php 4.3 RC2, PostGreSQL beta4 native windows build

Installation was fairly easy:
1. read the readme.txt
2. edit the setenv.bat as described in readme
3. run 'initdb'
    all execs are in /bin
    help is accessed like <command> --help
4. Start the psql deamon - you may want to create a batch file like
    'D:\postgres_beta4\bin\postmaster -h localhost -D D:/postgres_beta4/data'

    --deamon should be up and running now--

You can login into a shell from a console like
    'psql -h localhost -d <username>'

You must load the postgresql extension by editing the php.ini and restarting apache in order to access psql with php.

And one final not: when running
    $dbconn = pg_connect ("host=localhost port=5432 dbname=$dbname user=$user");
remember that $user and or $dbname is CASESENSITIVE.

Oh yeah, I created the data dir manually - don't know whether that was necessary

Grtz Vargo

mystran at wasteland dot pp dot htv dot fi (04-Feb-2002 03:46)

Nice to know fact that I didn't find documented here.

PHP will return values of PostgreSQL boolean datatype as single character strings "t" and "f", not PHP true and false.

[Editor's Note]
't' or 'f' is valid boolean expression for PostgreSQL.

All values from PostgreSQL are strings, since PostgreSQL integer, float may be much larger than PHP's native int, double can handle. PostgreSQL array is not supported.

saberit at home dot com (15-Sep-2001 10:11)

I tried compiling PHP from source with PostgreSQL support (./configure --with-pgsql=/usr/local/pgsql) and ran into a bunch of problems when trying to 'make'. The problem was that some of the PostgreSQL headers were not installed by default when I installed PostgreSQL from source. When installing PostgreSQL make sure you 'make install-all-headers' after you 'make install'.

hubert at hubertmuller dot com (10-Jul-2001 12:36)

The best way to find the separated list of tables, sequences, keys etc is:

SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='<value>' AND relname !~ '^pg_';

<value> takes:
i for keys,
r for relations,
S for sequences

Note that all tables names that begins with 'pg_' are PostgreSQL internal tables (this explain why I use AND relname !~ '^pg_' condition).

passion at monkey dot org (28-Jun-2001 02:53)

I've tried to mimic the following mysql database connection functions for postgres.
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-list-dbs.php
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-list-tables.php

These are assuming that you're passing in $link as the result from pg_connect:

function pg_list_dbs($link)
{ 
    $sql = 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database';
    return (pg_query($link, $sql));
} 

function pg_list_tables($link)
{ 
    $sql = "SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname !~ '^pg_'";
    return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}

!spamcraig at ahdore dot com (15-Apr-2001 09:11)

If you want to extract data from select statements, you need to store the result index, and then apply pg_result to that value. Basically, do this

$resultIdx = pg_query ($database, "select * from tablename");
$mySelect = pg_fetch_result($resultIdx, 0, 0);  // gets column 0 of tuple 0
echo("My select: [".$mySelect."]");

I'm new to php and had to do some fiddling around to work this out. It's reasonably elementary, but not demonstrated by the examples on these pages. Hopefully it will come in useful to someone else.

bleach at chek dot com (02-Mar-2000 08:36)

If you want to see all the objects in a database, you can find that information in the pg_class table. <BR>
SELECT * FROM pg_class;<BR>
Now this is going to be kind of long and complex, to see how psql command handles the \d and other things. use the syntax.  psql -E <Database>, ie psql -E mydatabase <BR>
What this will do is show the SQL command used for everything. So when you type a \d or something, it shows the SQL query used for the result.